Stainless Steels

 

Stainless Steels

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Stainless steels have a high corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and ductility, with a high chromium content.
They are called stainless because in the presence of oxygen they develop a thin film of chromium oxide that protects the metal from corrosion. This protective film is reformed every time the surface is scratched.
In order for passivation to occur, the minimum chromium content in the steel must be 12%.

 

Mechanical properties at room temperature and typical applications of annealed stainless steels. 

  Last resistance
traction		 Voltage of
enervation		 Percentage of
elongation

Typical features and applications


ANSI

 (MPa) (MPa) (%)  

303

 550-620 240-260 50-53
Products for machinery, columns, valves, bolts, nuts, bushings; airplanes accessories; rivets, screws, pins

304

 565-620 240-290 55-60

Equipment for chemical and food industries, cryogenic valves, rain gutters.

316

 550-590 210-290 55-60

High resistance to corrosionand viscous sliding. Equipment for chemical and printing industry, photographic equipment, kettles and food containers.

410

 480-520 240-310 25-35

Machine parts, pump stems, bolts, blades, chutes for coal, fishing equipment, engine components, gun barrels.

416

 480-520 275 20-30

Accessories for airplanes, bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, inserts for fire extinguishers.
 

The main types of Steel:

Ferritic stainless steels

Austenitic stainless steels

Martensitic stainless steels

Austeno-ferritic or duplex biphasic stainless steels.

 

The AISI 316 (American designation) (steel 18/8/3) or X5CrNiMo17-12-2 (European designation) - DIN number 1.4401 is an austenitic stainless steel alloy composed of a chromium content between 16% and 18% %, of nickel between 11% and 14% and of molybdenum between 2% and 3%.

It was born as a modification of the X5CrNi1810 steel by adding 2.5% molybdenum, useful for improving the resistance to electrolytic corrosion (pitting) by chlorides, which is very poor for 304. It is a standard stainless steel: its stainless steel index is in fact generally between 25 and 28. It is suitable for use in outdoor construction, and for a limited period in environments affected by sea water and in some non-heavy naval applications.

There is also a version 316L (designation EN X2CrNiMo17-12-2 number 1.4404), ie with a carbon content of less than 0.035% (316 admits up to 0.080%) useful to prevent the precipitation of chromium carbides and therefore corrosion.

The presence in analysis of Molybdenum makes the brand's corrosion resistance excellent in all natural environments: water and rural, urban, and industrial atmospheres even in the presence of a moderate concentration of chlorides and acids. 316 / 316L is used in the food and agri-food sector and in many chemical environments (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, organic acids) and chlorinated, under conditions of temperature and concentration below a certain threshold, beyond which materials take over superior.

The resistance to intergranular corrosion is very good, even after welding.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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